科创教学发展

解锁肾单位密码

The Wonderful Journey of Water Absorption and Loss in Plant Cells

作者：孟红¹，陈素娜²，刘宝全³^,^*

¹博野县第二中学河北保定

²博野县同连中学河北保定

³大城县旺村镇旺村中学河北廊坊

^*通信作者：刘宝全；单位：大城县旺村镇旺村中学河北廊坊

提交：2026-01-27录用：2026-04-08

少年创新探索, 2026, 3(2), 78-83; https://doi.org/10.58244/jie.263875

摘要：

肾单位的滤过与重吸收功能是初中生物学泌尿系统教学中的核心难点，其微观过程抽象且难以理解，学生仅依赖课本插图难以形成直观认知。本研究采用透明塑料瓶、吸水棉等生活材料自制肾单位模型，结合海盐、花生、杂粮等常见食材模拟血液成分，通过具象化的模拟实验完整呈现肾小球的滤过及肾小管的重吸收过程。直观地展示了尿液形成过程中成分的变化，模拟实验的现象与人体肾单位生理功能高度相似，有助于学生准确理解肾单位的核心功能，并能够使学生内化知识，理解尿毒症的成因及临床透析技术的应用，解决教学难题的同时增强学生的肾脏健康保护意识。

关键词： 肾单位；滤过与重吸收；模型；尿液形成；肾脏健康

摘要

摘要：

关键词：肾单位；滤过与重吸收；模型；尿液形成；肾脏健康

Abstract:

This study addresses the issue of using a single observation metric in experiments on cellular water absorption and drainage by proposing a multidimensional observation method. The experiment utilized radishes as the material and systematically measured changes in length and mass before and after immersion in salt solutions of varying concentrations, while also observing changes in cell morphology through microscopy. Additionally, the density of the solutions was recorded. The results demonstrate that this method can comprehensively validate the principles of water absorption and loss. When radishes were immersed in low-concentration solutions, an increase in length and mass was observed, with cells appearing turgid. Conversely, in high-concentration solutions, the radishes exhibited signs of water loss, with a decrease in length and mass, and cells underwent plasmolysis. The changes in solution density further corroborated the migration of water. This multidimensional observation method not only enhances the scientific rigor and precision of the experiment but also organically combines macroscopic and microscopic changes, making it an efficient and intuitive tool for teaching and research.

Keywords: Nephron; Filtration and reabsorption; Model; Urine formation; Kidney health

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参考文献

参考文献 / References：

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