摘 要：
交通拥堵是影响学校门口交通安全的主因，本课题以上海S中学为例，分析其周边道路交通拥堵问题并提出优化对策。先实地调查S中学门口周边两条主干道早晚高峰车流量数据，再用AnyLogic软件建路网拓扑图与交通运行模型，模拟拥堵现状。结果显示，荣新交叉路口新镇路左转车道信号时间短、农荣交叉路口车道线混乱且行车随意变道致拥堵。为此提出两种优化法：一是规划车道线划分，明确各道行车线路；二是优化交叉路口信号灯配时，用迭代优化算法，以车辆通行时间最短为目标求解最佳配时参数。对比优化前后模拟结果，车辆平均通行时间减少23.97s，交通效率明显提升。该研究用多学科方法，经现场调研与数字模拟，在理论和实践上对解决学校周边交通问题有参考价值。
关键词：交通拥堵；Anylogic仿真；交通优化；信号灯配时
Abstract:
Traffic congestion is the primary cause of traffic safety issues at school gates. This study analyzes the traffic congestion problems around S High School in Shanghai and proposes optimization strategies. First, the traffic flow data of two main roads around S High School during morning and evening rush hours were collected through field surveys. Then, a road network topology diagram and traffic operation model were established using AnyLogic software to simulate the current congestion situation. The results show that the short signal duration of the left-turn lane at the intersection of Xinzhen Road and Rongxin Road, as well as the chaotic lane markings and random lane-changing at the intersection of Nongrong Road, lead to congestion. To address these issues, two optimization methods are proposed: First, planning lane division to clarify the driving routes for each lane; second, optimizing the signal timing at intersections using an iterative optimization algorithm to solve for the optimal signal timing parameters with the goal of minimizing vehicle travel time. By comparing the simulation results before and after optimization, the average vehicle travel time is reduced by 23.97 seconds, indicating a significant improvement in traffic efficiency. This study employs interdisciplinary methods and combines field research with digital simulation, providing theoretical and practical reference value for solving traffic problems around schools.
Keywords: Traffic congestion; AnyLogic simulation; traffic optimization; signal timing
