将演示实验进一步深化为分析实验——以水土流失为例
摘要： 创新时代背景下，产业与教育界均迫切需要具备科学素养、工程素养的人才，自媒体推动下的科普视频虽能将科学知识点具象化呈现，却仅能让学生停留在现象观察阶段，难以实现科学实践与工程实践能力的提升。本文以《开讲啦》节目中的水土流失演示实验为案例，将其深化为完整的分析实验，遵循“科学实践六步法”，通过提出问题、背景研究、建立假设、设计与完成实验、数据分析与得出结论、展示成果的全流程，引导学生解构实验变量、探究现象本质。实验以初中生为试点，还原演示实验的同时加入量化测量工具，明确自变量、因变量与控制变量的因果关系，验证相关假设并得出明确结论。研究表明，将演示实验深化为分析实验，能有效培养学生的科学探究思维与流程化实践能力，契合我国教育部门“知识与实践双轨并重”的导向，也是推动国内科技教育与国际一流接轨的有效途径。
关键词：演示实验；分析实验；水土流失；科学实践六步法
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Deepening Demonstration Experiments into Analytical Experiments:
Taking Soil Erosion as an Example
Against the background of the innovation era, both the industrial and educational sectors are in urgent need of talents with scientific literacy and engineering literacy. Although popular science videos promoted by self-media can present scientific knowledge points in a concrete way, they can only make students stay in the stage of phenomenon observation, making it difficult to improve their abilities in scientific practice and engineering practice. Taking the soil erosion demonstration experiment in the program "Kai Jiang La" (Let's Talk) as a case, this paper deepens it into a complete analytical experiment, following the "six-step scientific practice method". It guides students to deconstruct experimental variables and explore the nature of phenomena through the whole process of putting forward questions, background research, establishing hypotheses, designing and completing experiments, data analysis and drawing conclusions, and displaying results. With a junior high school student as the pilot, the experiment restores the demonstration experiment while adding quantitative measurement tools, clarifies the causal relationship between independent variables, dependent variables and controlled variables, verifies relevant hypotheses and draws clear conclusions. The research shows that deepening demonstration experiments into analytical experiments can effectively cultivate students' scientific inquiry thinking and process-oriented practical ability, conform to the orientation of China's education department of "attaching equal importance to knowledge and practice", and is also an effective way to promote the integration of domestic science and technology education with the world's firstclass level.
Keywords: Demonstration experiment; Analytical experiment; Soil erosion; Six-step scientific practice method
