摘 要：
在本研究中，我们对真实树叶和纸质的模拟树叶进行了三个实验，分别对真实树叶下落过程轨迹、纸质模拟树叶的下落轨迹、纸质模拟树叶的下落落点进行了分析。我们发现，真实树叶的下降轨迹表现出曲线飞行、直线下落、螺旋下落，这主要受到其重心分布、空气动力性能、叶柄的重量和形状等因素的影响；通过使用相同表面积的椭圆纸片模拟不同长短轴比值的树叶，我们观察到树叶下降过程中的螺旋、自旋和飘摆三种主要现象。这些现象的发生与树叶的形状和转动惯量的分布有关。在落点分布方面，我们发现，越圆润的树叶，其落点分布越广且越杂乱无章；而越细长的树叶，其落点分布越密集且越集中。这些发现为理解树叶下落的物理过程提供了新的视角，并能为我下一步研究微型小蜜蜂航空器打下了基础。
关键词：落叶；轨迹；分布
Abstract:
In this study, we conducted three experiments using real leaves and paper-based simulated leaves, analyzing the falling trajectories of real leaves, the falling trajectories of paper simulated leaves, and the landing point distributions of paper simulated leaves. We found that real leaves exhibit three main falling trajectories: curvilinear flight, straight downward fall, and spiral descent, which are mainly influenced by factors such as their center-of-gravity distribution, aerodynamic performance, and the weight and shape of the petiole. By using elliptical paper sheets with the same surface area but different aspect ratios to simulate leaves, we observed three dominant phenomena during descent: spiraling, spinning, and swaying. The occurrence of these phenomena is related to the leaf shape and the distribution of its moment of inertia. Regarding landing point distribution, we discovered that rounder leaves show wider and more scattered distributions, while slenderer leaves exhibit denser and more concentrated distributions. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the physical processes of leaf fall and lay a foundation for my further research on miniature bee-inspired aircraft.
Keywords: Falling leaves; Trajectories; Distribution
