摘 要：
社会工作专业硕士（MSW）实习是学生将理论知识转化为专业实践能力的关键环节，督导在其中发挥着教育、支持与行政三重功能。然而，我国MSW实习督导长期面临“弱督导”困境，其结构性根源在于：一方面，机构督导普遍缺乏资深社工和硕士学历背景，难以提供研究性指导；另一方面，校内导师实务经验不足且教学科研压力繁重，无力开展全方位督导。师生距离、沟通障碍等因素进一步加剧了这一困境。本文以MSW实习中“弱学校督导”的现实困境为切入点，以X研究为案例，采用行动研究的方法，探索校内督导的优化路径。研究发现，MSW实习督导过程在本质上是一种松耦合关系，而这种松散不仅是空间距离的产物，更是资源约束下的必然选择——师生间的督导互动只能在特定的“落实点”上发生，这些落实点贯穿于实习的进场前、在场中、离场后三个阶段。基于这一发现，本文提出了MSW实习校内督导的松耦合模式与落实点机制，并从明确耦合方角色定位、把握好实习督导的耦合度、加强督导考核评估制度、探索多元化督导制度四个方面提出优化策略，为提升MSW实习督导质量提供理论依据与实践参考。
关键词：MSW实习；弱督导；松耦合；落实点；校内督导；行动研究
Abstract:
The internship for Master of Social Work (MSW) students represents a pivotal juncture where theoretical knowledge is transformed into professional practical abilities, with supervision playing a crucial educational, supportive, and administrative role. However, MSW internship supervision in China has long faced the dilemma of "weak supervision," stemming structurally from two main aspects: On one hand, agency supervisors generally lack the background of senior social workers and master's degrees, making it difficult for them to provide research-oriented guidance; on the other hand, on-campus supervisors possess insufficient practical experience and are burdened with heavy teaching and research pressures, rendering them unable to conduct comprehensive supervision. Factors such as physical distance between supervisors and students and communication barriers further exacerbate this predicament. Taking the practical dilemma of "weak on-campus supervision" in MSW internships as the starting point and using X research as a case study, this paper employs an action research methodology to explore optimized pathways for on-campus supervision. The study finds that the MSW internship supervision process is essentially a loose coupling relationship, and this looseness is not merely a product of spatial distance but rather an inevitable choice under resource constraints—supervisory interactions between supervisors and students can only occur at specific "implementation points" that span the pre-entry, in-field, and post-exit stages of the internship. Based on this discovery, this paper proposes a loose coupling model and implementation point mechanism for on-campus supervision of MSW internships and puts forward optimization strategies from four perspectives: clarifying the role definitions of the coupling parties, maintaining an appropriate degree of coupling in internship supervision, strengthening the supervision evaluation system, and exploring diversified supervision systems. These strategies provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for enhancing the quality of MSW internship supervision.
Keywords: MSW internship; Weak supervision; Loose coupling; Implementation points; On-campus supervision; Action research
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