摘 要：
2020全面建成小康社会后中国农村贫困标准如何设置，是本文关注的核心问题。鉴于2020年中国农村生活低保线已非常接近人均可支配收入的35%，转向相对贫困很可能会超越财政承受能力，更高的相对贫困标准将引发普遍的福利依赖性问题，扶贫战略转向相对贫困治理并不具有现实可能性。鉴于2020年前后全国农村平均最低生活保障线还不能满足农民基础型低保要求，中西部地区现行给付的农村最低生活保障线离满足基础型低保要求还有一定距离，不少经济欠发达县域依然不能满足生存型低保要求，也就是说部分农村家庭基本收入不足问题仍然需要长时间面对，转向多维贫困治理模式的时机也没有成熟。基于以上分析，建议2020年全面建成小康社会后农村贫困标准采用绝对贫困标准和多维贫困标准的混合形式。
关键词：绝对贫困标准；相对贫困标准；多维贫困标准；最低生活保障标准；乡村振兴
Abstract:
How to set China’s rural poverty standard after the comprehensive establishment of a moderately prosperous society in 2020 is the core issue of this paper. Given that China’s rural subsistence allowance line in 2020 was already very close to 35% of per capita disposable income, shifting to relative poverty would likely exceed fiscal affordability, and a higher relative poverty standard would lead to widespread welfare dependency. Therefore, it is not realistically feasible to shift the poverty alleviation strategy toward relative poverty governance. Given that around 2020, the national average rural subsistence allowance line could not yet meet the basic subsistence needs of farmers, and the actual rural subsistence allowance lines in the central and western regions still fell short of meeting basic subsistence requirements, while many economically underdeveloped counties could not even meet survival‑type subsistence requirements—meaning that the problem of insufficient basic income for some rural households still needs to be addressed over a long period—the timing for shifting to a multidimensional poverty governance model is also not yet mature. Based on the above analysis, it is recommended that after the comprehensive establishment of a moderately prosperous society in 2020, China’s rural poverty standard adopt a hybrid form combining an absolute poverty standard and a multidimensional poverty standard.
Keywords: Absolute poverty standard; Relative poverty standard; Multidimensional poverty standard; Minimum living security standard; Rural revitalization
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