摘 要：
本研究通过典型个案分析，探讨了心智障碍者在市场环境中实现高质量工作权的可行路径。研究采用质性个案研究方法，通过深度访谈、参与式观察与文献分析，对Z市B公司进行了为期数月的追踪调研。研究发现，B公司作为一家“市场实践型社会企业”，通过构建系统的“工作-福利”整合模式，有效保障了心智障碍员工的就业权利。其成功关键在于企业展现出的三重主体性：作为“政策企业家”，精准计算并运用多层级优惠政策；作为“平衡艺术家”，巧妙融合社会目标与商业理性，实现双重底线共赢；作为“网络建构者”，主动构建包含政府、社会组织与家庭在内的支持生态。本研究从“实现机制”视角深化了福利混合理论，揭示了市场主体在福利供给中的能动角色与整合逻辑，为理解社会企业在中国的实践形态提供了新的理论线索。这一实践表明，在市场与政策交汇处，通过精密的组织创新与资源整合，可以发展出兼具社会关怀与商业可持续性的助残模式。本研究为理解福利供给中市场主体的能动角色提供了新视角，也为残疾人就业政策创新与社会企业发展提供了实践启示。
关键词：心智障碍者；工作权；社会企业；福利混合；混合价值创造
Abstract:
This study examines the feasible pathways through which people with intellectual disabilities can achieve high-quality right to work within market settings through an in-depth case analysis. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to conduct several months of fieldwork in Company B, located in City Z. The findings show that, as a “market-oriented social enterprise,” Company B has effectively safeguarded the employment rights of workers with intellectual disabilities by constructing an integrated “work–welfare” model that combines productive participation with supportive protection. Its success rests on the enactment of three forms of organizational agency. First, as a policy entrepreneur, the firm strategically identifies, calculates, and mobilizes multi-level preferential policies and institutional resources. Second, as a balancing artist, it reconciles social missions with commercial rationality, achieving a sustainable dual bottom line. Third, as a network builder, it actively assembles a supportive ecosystem that connects government agencies, social organizations, and families. From the perspective of implementation mechanisms, this study advances welfare-mix theory by illuminating the proactive and integrative role of market actors in welfare provision. It offers new theoretical insights into the practical forms of social enterprises in China and demonstrates that, at the intersection of market forces and public policy, careful organizational innovation and resource integration can generate disability employment models that are both socially caring and economically sustainable. More broadly, the research provides a new lens for understanding market agency in welfare delivery and offers practical implications for disability employment policy and the development of social enterprises.
Keywords: People with intellectual disabilities; Right to work; Social enterprises; Welfare mix; Hybrid value creation
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