摘 要:
院舍孤儿因早期家庭缺失和院舍环境局限,普遍存在专注力水平低下的问题,而针对该群体的专注力干预实务研究极为匮乏。本研究以认知行为理论为指导,采用单系统研究设计,对A地区儿童福利院10名6-11岁专注力较低的孤儿开展为期7节的小组工作介入,通过舒尔特方格测试、参与式观察及半结构化访谈评估干预效果。结果显示:服务对象舒尔特方格平均用时从基期的110.6秒降至后测期的58.7秒,降幅达46.9%;在任务持续性、抗干扰能力、注意力恢复及集体参与度四个行为维度上均呈现积极变化;6-7岁儿童干预效果显著优于10-11岁儿童;但伴有学习障碍迹象的个体效果有限。研究表明,以认知行为理论为指导的小组工作能够有效提升院舍孤儿的专注力水平,且对低龄儿童效果更佳。建议儿童福利院将专注力干预关口前移至小学低年级,建立“小组+个案”双轨机制,并优化院舍环境以保障干预效果。
关键词:院舍孤儿;专注力;认知行为理论;小组工作;单系统设计
Abstract:
Orphans in orphanages generally suffer from low levels of concentration due to early family deprivation and environmental limitations of institutional care, yet empirical intervention studies targeting this population are extremely scarce. Guided by cognitive behavioral theory, this study adopted a single-system research design to conduct a seven-session group work intervention for ten orphans aged 6–11 with low concentration levels in a children’s welfare institution in Region A. Intervention effects were evaluated using the Schulte Grid test, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews. Results showed that the average completion time on the Schulte Grid decreased from 110.6 seconds at baseline to 58.7 seconds at post-test, a reduction of 46.9%. Positive changes were also observed in four behavioral dimensions: task persistence, resistance to interference, attention recovery, and collective participation. Children aged 6–7 showed significantly greater improvement than those aged 10–11, while the intervention had limited effects on an individual with signs of learning disabilities. The findings indicate that cognitive behavioral group work can effectively enhance the concentration of orphans in orphanages, with younger children benefiting more. It is recommended that children’s welfare institutions shift the focus of intervention to early primary grades, establish a “group + case” dual-track mechanism, and optimize the institutional environment to ensure intervention effectiveness.
Keywords: Orphans in orphanages; Concentration; Cognitive behavioral theory; Group work; Single-system design
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