摘 要：
随着生成式人工智能技术的快速发展，其绘画产物的可版权性问题引发了法律与艺术领域的双重争议。本文立足于美术创作的视角，系统分析了生成式AI绘画在可版权性认定中的核心困境。研究揭示，中美司法实践对AI生成物的版权判定分歧，源于对创作主体性、控制力及智力投入等核心要素的认知差异。进一步从美术作品认定的规范逻辑出发，本文指出生成式AI绘画在“审美意义”与“造型艺术”两大核心要件上与传统美术存在本质差异：其创作过程缺乏传统美术的具身化认知特征，算法驱动的随机生成机制导致用户对视觉表达的实质性控制被削弱。由此，生成式AI绘画面临过程价值消解、艺术同质化及语言与视觉媒介断裂三重困境，使其难以纳入现行著作权法对“美术作品”的保护范畴。否定AI绘画的可版权性并非对技术创新的排斥，而是基于著作权法对人类主体性的价值坚守，应通过制度完善与技术适配的协同，探索人机协作的合法性边界。
关键词：AI绘画；可版权性；作品类型；美术创作；独创性
Abstract:
With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the copyrightability of AI-generated paintings has sparked dual controversies in both legal and artistic domains. This paper systematically analyzes the core dilemmas in copyrightability determination of generative AI painting from the perspective of artistic creation. The study reveals that the judicial divergence between China and the United States in adjudicating AI-generated content stems from differing interpretations of key elements such as creative subjectivity, control, and intellectual input. By deconstructing the normative logic of artwork identification, this paper demonstrates that generative AI painting fundamentally deviates from traditional art in terms of "aesthetic significance" and "plastic arts": its creation process lacks the embodied cognitive characteristics inherent to traditional art, while the algorithm-driven stochastic generation mechanism dilutes users' substantive control over visual expression. Consequently, generative AI painting faces a tripartite dilemma—dissolution of procedural value, artistic homogenization, and a disconnect between linguistic and visual media—rendering it incompatible with the existing copyright framework for "artistic works." This paper argues that denying its copyrightability is not a rejection of technological innovation but a commitment to the human-centric values enshrined in copyright law. It further advocates for synergistic efforts in legal refinement and technological adaptation to delineate the legitimacy boundaries of human-AI collaboration.
Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence Painting; Copyrightability; Work Categories; Artistic Creation; Originality
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