摘 要：
权利话语在国际文化遗产领域的研究中日益受到重视，“文化遗产权”概念应运而生并得到了国际人权和文化遗产领域的关注。学界对于文化遗产权的理解存在争议，其原因在于文化遗产权基于文化人权发展而来，文化权利理论的不发达导致文化遗产权的主体、对象、内容、性质都缺乏清晰阐释。文化遗产权指向文化遗产价值产生的利益，这是文化遗产区别于普通财产的本质特征。文化遗产权的主体可能是个人或者群体，意味着其具有个体权利和集体权利的双重属性，但不同主体的文化遗产权会发生冲突，需要进行利益平衡。文化遗产权的核心内容为对于文化遗产价值的享有，而不包括物质文化遗产所有权、文化遗产公众参与权等“与文化遗产有关的权利”。文化遗产权理论基于遗产民主理念，通过主张人民享有文化遗产权，推动我国文化遗产事业从“管理遗产”到“服务人民”的理论转向，并应成为文化遗产法的理论基石。
关键词：文化遗产权；文化遗产法；文化权利；文化遗产；人权
Abstract:
The discourse of rights has gained increasing attention in international cultural heritage research, and the concept of "the right to cultural heritage" has emerged and gained attention in the field of international human rights and cultural heritage. The right to cultural heritage is based on the development of cultural human rights, and the underdevelopment of the theory of cultural rights has led to the lack of clear explanation of the subject, object, content and nature of the right to cultural heritage. The object of the right to cultural heritage is the benefits derived from the value of cultural heritage, which is the essential feature that distinguishes the right to cultural heritage from other property rights. The subject of the right to cultural heritage may be an individual or a group, which means that it has the dual attributes of individual and collective rights. Different subjects of the right to cultural heritage may conflict and require a balance of interests. The core content of the right to cultural heritage is the enjoyment of the value of cultural heritage, but not "rights related to cultural heritage" such as the ownership of cultural property or the right to public participation in cultural heritage. The theory of the right to cultural heritage is based on the concept of heritage democracy. By advocating the people's right to enjoy their cultural heritage, it promotes a theoretical shift in China's cultural heritage endeavours from "managing the heritage" to "serving the people", and should become the theoretical foundation of cultural heritage law.
Keywords: The Right to Cultural heritage; Cultural Heritage Law; Cultural Rights; Cultural Heritage; Human Rights
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