摘要：
目的：探讨恶性肿瘤患者主要家庭成员照护者的照护角色感受及内心需求，以期为恶性肿瘤家庭照护方案的制定提供参考，为我国恶性肿瘤护理体系的完善提供依据。方法：采用目的抽样方法，选择从2022年10月至2023年5月，在山东某专业肿瘤医院入住的十六名恶性肿瘤患者的家属，先运用现象学调查方式对十六名恶性肿瘤患者的家属展开深度走访，再利用Colaizzi 7 步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果：共提炼出五个主题，包含照护体验复杂化、社会角色转变被迫化、照护能力及应对资源不足、对科学有效的照护技术需要专业的督促和协助、对疾病预防、治疗等相关知识需求较大。结论：恶性肿瘤患者在住院期间，其家属存在不同程度的的心理压力与情感需求，临床护理人员要重视患者家属的心理变化及信息需求，适时给予人文关怀和专业护理支持，鼓励家属积极应对，以减轻其心理负担，从而优化家属的照护角色的体验。

关键词：恶性肿瘤；患者家属；照顾角色体验；质性研究

Abstract:
To explore the caregiving role feelings and inner needs of the main family members of patients with malignant tumors, so as to provide a reference for the formulation of family care plans for malignant tumors and a basis for the improvement of the malignant tumor nursing system in China. Using the purposive sampling method, from October 2022 to May 2023, family members of 16 patients with malignant tumors admitted to a professional tumor hospital in Shandong were selected. First, a phenomenological survey method was used to conduct in - depth interviews with the family members of the 16 patients with malignant tumors, and then the Colaizzi 7 - step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data. A total of five themes were extracted, including the complication of caregiving experience, the forced transformation of social roles, the insufficiency of caregiving ability and coping resources, the need for professional supervision and assistance for scientific and effective care techniques, and a strong demand for knowledge related to disease prevention, treatment, etc. During the hospitalization of patients with malignant tumors, their family members have different degrees of psychological pressure and emotional needs. Clinical nursing staff should pay attention to the psychological changes and information needs of the family members of patients, provide timely humanistic care and professional nursing support, and encourage family members to respond actively, so as to reduce their psychological burden and optimize the family members' caregiving role experience.

Keywords: Malignant tumor; Patient's family members; Experience of the caregiver role; Qualitative research

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