地方高校硕士研究生分类培养质量的差异化特征与优化路径研究——基于XX大学学硕与专硕调查数据的比较分析
摘 要：研究生分类培养改革推进过程中，地方高校普遍存在学硕与专硕培养同质化问题，制约了差异化育人质量。本文依托“输入-过程-输出”分析框架，以2025年全国研究生培养质量调研数据为支撑，选取XX大学196份学硕、319份专硕有效问卷，系统对比两类研究生的培养差异与现实困境。研究发现，学硕兼具学术研究与就业发展诉求，专硕以职业能力提升为核心取向，生源诉求存在明显分化，但培养过程存在课程区分度不足、分类指导缺失、科研实践质量不均、奖助保障薄弱等问题，整体呈现“表层分化、深层趋同”的格局。专硕就读体验与学位认同感整体更优，学硕则存在科研素养与职业能力发展失衡的问题。培养定位偏差、实践育人虚化、导师精力受限、办学资源紧张、学科生态单一，是同质化培养的主要诱因。立足地方高校资源约束的现实，本文提出差异化定位、做实双导师机制、构建分层质量保障、推动分类融合育人的优化路径，可为同类地方高校完善研究生分类培养、服务区域产业人才供给提供参考。
关键词：硕士研究生；分类培养；学术硕士；专业硕士；培养质量；地方高校
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Research on the differentiated characteristics and optimization paths of the quality of classified training for master's degree candidates in local universities——Comparative analysis based on survey data from master's and professional master's students at XX University
Abstract: In the process of promoting the reform of classified postgraduate training, local universities generally face the issue of homogenization in the training of academic and professional master's degree students, which restricts the quality of differentiated education. Based on the "input-process-output" analytical framework and supported by the 2025 National Postgraduate Training Quality Survey data, this paper selects 196 valid questionnaires from academic master's degree students and 319 from professional master's degree students at XX University to systematically compare the training differences and practical dilemmas between the two types of postgraduate students. The study finds that academic master's degree students have both academic research and employment development aspirations, while professional master's degree students prioritize professional ability improvement. There is a significant differentiation in student aspirations, but the training process faces issues such as insufficient curriculum differentiation, lack of classified guidance, uneven quality of scientific research practice, and weak support for awards and subsidies, presenting an overall pattern of "superficial differentiation and deep convergence". Professional master's degree students have a better overall experience and sense of degree recognition, while academic master's degree students face an imbalance between scientific research literacy and professional ability development. Deviations in training orientation, the virtualization of practical education, limited mentor energy, tight educational resources, and a single disciplinary ecology are the main causes of homogenized training. Based on the reality of resource constraints in local universities, this paper proposes optimized paths such as differentiated positioning, implementing a dual-mentor mechanism, constructing tiered quality assurance, and promoting classified and integrated education. These paths can provide references for similar local universities to improve classified postgraduate training and serve regional industrial talent supply.
Keywords: Master's Degree Candidate; Categorized Training; Academic Master's Degree; Professional Master's Degree; Training Quality; Local Universities
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