摘 要：
目的：了解广州市花都区学龄期儿童过敏性皮肤病患者的流行病学特征，并探讨影响过敏性皮肤病发生的危险因素。方法 采用横断面调查研究方法，于2022年1月至2025年12月期间，在广州市花都区内多所中小学，对符合纳入与排除标准的学龄期儿童进行问卷调查及血清sIgE检测。问卷调查内容包括基本信息、发病情况及个人既往体质等。采用免疫印迹法检测血清中sIgE水平。应用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析，计数资料采用卡方检验，多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归模型。结果 共纳入有效研究对象1961名sIgE阳性过敏性皮肤病患者，其中吸入性过敏原以屋尘螨/粉尘螨（32.5%）、蟑螂（15.7%）阳性率最高；食入性过敏原以鸡蛋（19.4%）、牛奶（16.8%）阳性率最高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，过敏性皮肤病家族史（OR=3.245，95% CI: 2.876–3.662）、居住地为城镇（OR=1.862，95% CI: 1.543–2.247）、发病季节为春季（OR=1.456，95% CI: 1.278–1.659）、饲养宠物（OR=1.623，95% CI: 1.412–1.867）及住所环境为小区住宅（OR=1.378，95% CI: 1.205–1.576）是过敏性皮肤病患病的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 广州市花都区学龄期儿童过敏性皮肤病患病率较高，过敏原以屋尘螨/粉尘螨及鸡蛋、牛奶最常见。过敏性疾病家族史、城镇居住环境、春季、饲养宠物及小区住宅环境是主要危险因素。建议针对高危因素采取综合防控措施。
关键词：过敏性皮肤病；学龄期儿童；流行病学；过敏原；危险因素
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of school-aged children with allergic skin diseases in Huadu District, Guangzhou, and to explore the risk factors for the occurrence of allergic skin diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children from multiple primary and secondary schools in Huadu District, Guangzhou, from January 2022 to December 2025. Participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were surveyed using questionnaires and underwent serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing. The questionnaire collected information on basic demographics, disease status, and personal medical history. Serum sIgE levels were measured using immunoblotting. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.Results A total of 1,961 sIgE-positive patients with allergic skin diseases were included as valid subjects. Among inhalant allergens, the highest positivity rates were observed for house dust mite/Dermatophagoides farinae (32.5%) and cockroach (15.7%); among food allergens, the highest positivity rates were observed for egg (19.4%) and milk (16.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergic skin diseases (OR = 3.245, 95% CI: 2.876–3.662), urban residence (OR = 1.862, 95% CI: 1.543–2.247), disease onset in spring (OR = 1.456, 95% CI: 1.278–1.659), pet keeping (OR = 1.623, 95% CI: 1.412–1.867), and residential environment of a community apartment (OR = 1.378, 95% CI: 1.205–1.576) were independent risk factors for allergic skin diseases (all P < 0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of allergic skin diseases among school-aged children in Huadu District, Guangzhou, is relatively high. The most common allergens are house dust mite/Dermatophagoides farinae, egg, and milk. Family history of allergic diseases, urban residence, spring season, pet keeping, and community apartment living environment are the main risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control measures targeting these high-risk factors are recommended.
Keywords: Allergic skin diseases; School-aged children; Epidemiology; Allergens; Risk factors
--
