小组工作融入八段锦对随迁儿童社交焦虑的干预效果研究
1中共中央党校 (国家行政学院) 社会和生态文明教研部 北京
2深圳市福田区深圳中学梅香学校 广东 深圳
3北京师范大学 社会学院 北京
*标记署名为通讯作者
提交：2025-12-05录用：2026-05-18出版：2026-06-30
社会工作与志愿服务 2026, 3(1), 14-33; https://doi.org/10.58244/jswv.260002
课题资助：自筹经费。无利益冲突需要说明。
摘要：
随迁儿童因环境变迁与社会支持薄弱面临较高的社交焦虑风险，但相关社会工作干预研究匮乏。本研究旨在检验融入八段锦练习的小组工作对随迁儿童社交焦虑的干预效果。采用随机对照组前测-后测实验设计，以江苏省J市X社区20名具有社交焦虑的随迁儿童为对象，随机均分为干预组（n=10）与对照组（n=10）。干预组接受七次以认知行为疗法为理论框架、每节活动均融入八段锦练习的小组工作干预；对照组不进行任何干预。采用经本土化改编的《儿童社交焦虑量表》（17题、三维度，Cronbach’s α=0.931）进行测量。结果显示：干预前两组社交焦虑总分及各维度得分无显著差异（P>0.05）；干预后，干预组在害怕否定评价、社交回避、焦虑紧张及总分上均显著低于对照组（P<0.01或P<0.001），干预组前后测差异显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）而对照组无显著变化；过程评估中组员满意度均值为4.4~4.9分（满分5）。研究表明，融入八段锦的小组工作干预方案能够有效降低随迁儿童的社交焦虑水平，尤其在改变害怕否定评价和减少社交回避行为方面效果明显。该方案将中华传统养生文化与认知行为干预相结合，具有较好的文化亲和性与可操作性，为随迁儿童心理健康的社会工作干预提供了实证依据。
关键词：随迁儿童；社交焦虑；小组工作；八段锦；干预研究
Abstract:
Migrant children face a high risk of social anxiety due to environmental changes and weak social support, yet relevant social work intervention studies are scarce. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group work integrated with Baduanjin practice on social anxiety among migrant children. A randomized controlled pretest−posttest design was adopted. Twenty migrant children with social anxiety from X Community, J City, Jiangsu Province were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). The intervention group received seven sessions of group work intervention based on the cognitive behavioral therapy framework, with Baduanjin practice integrated into each session; the control group received no intervention. The locally adapted Children’s Social Anxiety Scale (17 items, three dimensions, Cronbach’s α = 0.931) was used for measurement. Results showed that before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in total social anxiety score and dimension scores (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group scored significantly lower than the control group in fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance, anxiety−tension, and total score (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The intervention group showed significant pretest−posttest differences (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), while the control group showed no significant changes. Process evaluation indicated that participants’ satisfaction scores ranged from 4.4 to 4.9 (out of 5). The findings demonstrate that the group work intervention integrated with Baduanjin can effectively reduce social anxiety among migrant children, particularly in changing fear of negative evaluation and reducing social avoidance behaviors. This program combines traditional Chinese health culture with cognitive behavioral intervention, demonstrating good cultural affinity and operability, and provides empirical evidence for social work interventions targeting the mental health of migrant children.
Keywords: Migrant children; Social anxiety; Group work; Baduanjin; Intervention study
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作 者 / Authors：
马福云，中共中央党校 (国家行政学院) 社会和生态文明教研部，教授。
刘宇航（通讯作者），深圳市福田区深圳中学梅香学校，教师。
邓泽博，北京师范大学社会学院博士生。
