摘 要：
遗址型博物馆以考古遗址与出土文物为核心资源，兼具学术研究与公共文化服务功能。在数字化与产业化背景下，其知识产权保护面临多重困境：权利客体层面，出土文物及其风格的确权路径不明；权利主体层面，博物馆名称的可识别性争议与博物馆公共属性致使知识产权保护边界模糊。单一的专有权保护路径已无法周延面对上述挑战，亟待从价值上完成“私权排他”向“包容性文化资源治理”的转向。基于此，遗址型博物馆应当在完善文物衍生品的知识产权专有权确权体系的基础上，构建双轨并举的体系化实践路径：外部规范视角，补充专有权利与竞争性利益的区分保护机制；内部治理视角，构建体系化的管理制度与价值导向，以在授权与开放利用中实现公共性与收益性的动态平衡。内外规制同频共振，方能在保护核心文化资产的同时，实现公共文化资源的开放共享与创造性转化。
关键词：遗址型博物馆；知识产权保护；反不正当竞争；文化资源治理；民事权利与利益
Abstract:
Site museums, which rely on archaeological sites and excavated cultural relics as core resources, play dual roles in academic research and public cultural service. Under the accelerating trends of digitalization and cultural industry development, they face multiple challenges in intellectual property (IP) protection. At the level of protectable subject matter, the legal status of excavated relics and their stylistic features remains uncertain, making the path to establishing IP rights unclear. At the level of right holders, controversies over the distinctiveness of museum names and the public-oriented nature of museums further blur the boundaries of IP protection. The singular approach of exclusive rights protection is no longer sufficient to comprehensively address these challenges, necessitating a paradigm shift in value from “exclusive private rights” to “inclusive cultural resource governance.” Based on this premise, while improving the framework for establishing exclusive IP rights for cultural relic derivatives, site museums should construct a dual-track, systematic practical pathway. From an external normative perspective, a differentiated protection mechanism separating exclusive rights from competitive interests should be supplemented. From an internal governance perspective, a systematic management regime and value orientation must be established to achieve a dynamic balance between publicness and economic returns in authorization and open utilization. Only through the synergy of external regulations and internal governance can public cultural resources achieve open sharing and creative transformation while safeguarding core cultural assets.
Keywords: Site Museums; Intellectual Property Protection; Unfair Competition; Cultural Resource Governance; Civil Law Rights and Interests
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