摘 要：
拉格朗日在研究三体问题时发现，在主副星天体体系中存在五个特殊位置，即拉格朗日点。小天体在这些点上所受的万有引力与离心力达到动态平衡，得以长期停留。五个点中，L4与L5为稳定平衡点，小行星在这里可以长期聚集并在其晕轮轨道上永久运行；L1、L2、L3为半稳定点，卫星在其利萨如轨道上需依靠轨道制导维持在其既定轨道上运行。太阳—地球及地球—月球系统均拥有这些点，并成为现代航天的重要战略位置：SOHO工作在L1上用以监测太阳活动，韦伯望远镜工作在L2点上用于观测宇宙深空，中国探月工程利用地月L2进行月背通讯。未来，L4与L5有望成为太空城市、深空补给站与大型科学设施的建造基地，是人类迈向太空文明的重要起点。
关键词：拉格朗日点；拉格朗日点稳定性；双星结构；SOHO；韦伯望远镜；希尔半径；太空利用
Abstract:
Lagrange, while studying the three-body problem, discovered five special positions in any primary–secondary celestial system, known as the Lagrange points. At these points, the gravitational forces from the two major bodies and the centrifugal force of a small object reach a dynamic balance, allowing it to remain in a relatively stable orbit. Among these, L4 and L5 are stable attractors capable of accumulating asteroids, while L1, L2, and L3 are semi-stable and require station-keeping for spacecraft. Both the Sun–Earth and Earth–Moon systems contain these points, which have become strategically important in modern space exploration. The SOHO spacecraft at L1 continuously observes solar activity, while the James Webb Space Telescope at L2 studies the early universe and exoplanet atmospheres. China’s lunar exploration program uses the Earth–Moon L2 point as a relay for far-side lunar missions. Looking forward into the future, L4 and L5 may become ideal sites for large-scale space infrastructures, deep-space supply depots, and even space habitats. These gravitational harbors may eventually serve as launchpads for humanity’s expansion into the cosmos.
Keywords: Lagrange points; Stability of Lagrange Points ; Twin Star System; SOHO; JWST; Hills Radius; Space utilization
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