摘 要：
科学探究能力是初中生应具备的核心素养之一，对其科学思维、创新意识及解决现实问题的能力具有重要作用。本研究以“问题驱动”为理论核心，旨在探讨如何更有效地培养初中生的科学探究能力。研究通过文献综述和实证研究相结合的方法，系统分析“问题驱动”教学模式的理论基础与实际应用路径。试验设计以初中科学课程为载体，设置了基于“问题驱动”的教学活动，将科学探究活动与具体问题解决过程紧密联系，激发学生的科学兴趣与探究动力。研究结果表明，“问题驱动”模式能够显著提升学生的探究能力，包括问题识别、假设构建、实验设计、数据分析和反思总结等关键环节；同时，有助于增强学生解决真实问题的能力，促使其形成科学态度与创新意识。研究还发现，教师的引导与评价对于教学效果起着重要作用。通过优化教学设计，设置适宜的探究任务，从简单问题逐步过渡到复杂问题，能够有效提高学生探究能力的整体水平。本研究为初中科学探究能力的培养提供了理论支持和实践路径，充分体现了“问题驱动”教学的价值与意义。
关键词：问题驱动；科学探究能力；初中生
Abstract:
Scientific inquiry ability is one of the core competencies that junior high school students should possess, playing an important role in their scientific thinking, innovation awareness, and problem-solving abilities. This study focuses on 'problem-driven' as the theoretical core, aiming to explore how to more effectively cultivate the scientific inquiry abilities of junior high school students. The research combines literature review and empirical study methods to systematically analyze the theoretical foundation and practical application paths of the 'problem-driven' teaching model. The experimental design takes the junior high school science curriculum as the medium and sets up teaching activities based on 'problem-driven' inquiry, closely linking the scientific inquiry activities with specific problem-solving processes, thereby stimulating students' interest in science and their inquiry motivation. The results indicate that the 'problem-driven' model can significantly enhance students' inquiry abilities, including key aspects such as problem identification, hypothesis construction, experiment design, data analysis, and reflection. Additionally, it helps to strengthen students' ability to solve real problems, fostering the development of scientific attitudes and innovation awareness. The study also finds that teacher guidance and evaluation play an important role in teaching effectiveness. By optimizing teaching design and setting suitable inquiry tasks, and gradually transitioning from simple to complex problems, the overall level of students' inquiry abilities can be effectively improved. This research provides theoretical support and practical pathways for the cultivation of scientific inquiry abilities in junior high school students, fully reflecting the value and significance of 'problem-driven' teaching.
Keywords: Problem-driven; Scientific inquiry ability; Junior high school students
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