摘 要：
目的：系统梳理可穿戴式设备在运动康复中的应用现状，总结其技术类型、干预模式、结局指标及应用效果，分析当前研究面临的挑战与未来发展方向，为临床运动康复的精准化、个性化实施提供参考。方法：遵循 PRISMA-ScR 指南，系统检索 PubMed、Web of Science、IEEE Xplore、知网等 7 个数据库中 2015 年至 2025 年发表的相关研究，经严格筛选最终纳入 12 篇符合标准的文献。从研究设计、研究对象、可穿戴设备技术特性、监测指标、干预内容及结局效果等维度提取数据，进行归纳分析。结果：纳入的 12 篇文献涵盖心血管疾病、脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、髋部骨折、超重肥胖等多种疾病 / 人群，样本量介于 7~650 人，研究设计以随机对照试验为主（8 篇）。可穿戴设备主要包括腕戴式设备（Fitbit、Apple Watch 等）、手套式传感器（RAPAEL Smart Glove）、臂带式监测仪（SenseWear Armband）、惯性测量单元（IMU）等，核心监测指标涉及运动代谢（峰值耗氧量）、身体活动（步数、活动强度）、生理信号（心率、血压）及功能表现（平衡、肌力）。干预模式以 “设备监测 + 个性化运动指导” 为主，部分结合远程医疗或虚拟现实技术。结局指标显示，联合可穿戴设备的康复计划在提高运动依从性（7/12 篇研究证实）、改善日常生活活动能力（6/12 篇）、提升康复参与度（5/12 篇）及优化生理功能指标（如步行距离、握力）方面均优于传统康复模式，但存在样本量偏小（8/12 篇样本量 < 50 人）、缺乏统一干预标准（设备选择、干预时长差异显著）、长期效果数据不足（仅 3 篇随访≥6 个月）等问题。结论：可穿戴设备凭借实时监测、数据量化等优势，已成为运动康复的重要辅助工具，在多疾病人群中展现出积极应用价值。未来需开展多中心、大样本纵向研究，推动设备应用与干预方案的标准化，加强跨学科合作，进一步拓展其在临床运动康复中的规范化应用场景。
关键词：可穿戴式设备；运动康复；康复干预；健康监测；范围综述
Abstract:
With the in-depth penetration of intelligent wearable devices into the medical and health field, the sensitive medical data collected such as physiological parameters and biometrics has experienced explosive growth, and data security has become a core bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of the industry. Based on the data lifecycle theory and in accordance with the requirements of laws such as the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law, this paper first clarifies the dialectical value of medical data protection and sharing, then systematically identifies multiple risks of intelligent wearable devices in terms of technical architecture, management mechanisms, and legal adaptation. It focuses on analyzing industry pain points such as the lack of medical data classification and grading, and the rigidity of the informed consent mechanism. Furthermore, a "three-dimensional governance system (technical protection - management coordination - legal guarantee)" is constructed, and practical paths such as dynamic protection, standard unification, and authorization optimization are proposed. This study provides theoretical support and practical references for balancing the value of medical data protection and sharing.
Keywords: Wearable devices; Exercise rehabilitation; Rehabilitation intervention; Health monitoring; Scoping review
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