摘 要:
精神障碍康复者作为社会中的特殊群体,在生活自理、社交互动等日常领域仍面临诸多现实困境。许多患者即便病情稳定,仍需重新学习穿衣、进食等基本生活技能,甚至因长期脱离社会而难以适应复杂环境,这些问题严重制约其生活质量与社会功能恢复。传统康复路径多聚焦于疾病控制与外部支持,忽视了个体自主能力的重建。基于此,本文依托作者在W机构的实务经验,选取新疆Q社区中一名典型康复者为研究对象,运用PATH模式开展为期三个月的个案服务介入,结合生态系统理论和社会支持理论,系统评估其自主生活能力的提升路径。研究采用半结构式访谈、参与式观察与前后测问卷等方法,围绕日常生活能力、社会交往能力与社区生活能力三个维度展开干预与成效评估。结果表明:PATH模式能够有效激发服务对象的主观能动性,提升其生活技能与社会参与意愿,展现出较强的实践适应性和赋能潜力。本文进一步反思了PATH模式在本土语境中的适用边界,提出整合家庭资源、强化照护者教育与构建社区支持系统的实践建议,为精神康复领域提供了可复制的社会工作介入范式。
关键词:精神障碍康复者;自主生活能力;PATH模式;个案研究;社会工作介入
Abstract:
Persons with mental disorders in recovery, as a distinct social group, continue to face substantial challenges in daily domains such as self-care and social interaction. Even when their conditions are clinically stable, many still need to relearn basic life skills such as dressing and eating, and prolonged detachment from society often makes it difficult for them to adapt to complex social environments. These constraints significantly limit their quality of life and the restoration of social functioning. Conventional rehabilitation approaches tend to focus on symptom control and external support, while paying insufficient attention to the reconstruction of individual autonomy.
Drawing on the authors’ practice experience in Organization W, this study selects a typical case from Community Q in Xinjiang and implements a three-month intervention using the PATH (Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope) model. Integrating ecological systems theory and social support theory, the study systematically examines pathways for improving independent living skills. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. The intervention and evaluation focus on three dimensions: daily living skills, social interaction capacity, and community living competence.
The findings suggest that the PATH model can effectively activate clients’ agency, enhance their life skills, and increase their willingness to participate socially, demonstrating strong practical adaptability and empowering potential. The study also reflects on the contextual limits of applying the PATH model in local settings, and proposes practical implications, including integrating family resources, strengthening caregiver education, and building community support systems. These insights contribute a replicable social work intervention framework for the field of psychiatric rehabilitation.
Keywords: Persons with mental disorders in recovery; Independent living skills; PATH model; Case study; Social work intervention
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