摘 要：
县域是中国反贫困的主阵地，2020年后扶贫政策的转型与全面建成小康社会的实践紧密相关。在此背景下，对“小康县域”这一特定发展形态的贫困问题进行深入研究具有前瞻性意义。本文基于Alkire-Foster（AF）方法，构建了一个适用于小康发展阶段的多维贫困测度框架，并利用2012年D县宣告建成小康社会初期的调查数据，对其时的多维贫困表现进行了一次历史基线式的分析，重点考察了多维贫困发生率、剥夺强度、各指标贡献率及城-镇-乡差异。研究发现，即便在绝对贫困基本消除的起点上，D县仍面临显著的发展型多维贫困挑战，教育、医疗保险和消费水平是贡献率最高的剥夺维度，且农村地区的贫困深度和广度远高于城区，揭示了小康阶段贫困问题的结构性本质。基于此，本文提出三项范式性政策启示：一是应推动扶贫标准从静态线向与经济发展阶段相适应的动态监测体系转型；二是政策制定需在县域统一标准下，着力破解城乡二元结构，优先解决农村家庭的多维贫困；三是反贫困资源应依据各维度对贫困指数的贡献率进行精准靶向配置，优先干预能带来更高政策效率的领域。本研究不仅为理解小康县域贫困的初始形态提供了宝贵的实证基线，也为后脱贫时代贫困治理体系的范式转型提供了基于历史视野的理论参考。
关键词：小康县域；多维贫困；A-F方法；历史基线；政策范式
Abstract:
Counties are the main battleground in China's anti-poverty efforts. Focusing on the "moderately prosperous counties" (小康县域) at the initial stage of achieving this status, this study constructs a tailored multidimensional poverty measurement framework. Utilizing a unique household survey dataset from 2012 in County D, it conducts a historical baseline analysis of poverty profiles at that historical juncture. The findings reveal that despite the elimination of absolute poverty, developmental poverty characterized by deprivations in education, healthcare, and consumption remained significant, with stark urban-rural disparities underscoring its structural nature. This study argues for a paradigm shift in anti-poverty governance: from static standards to a dynamic monitoring system, from an income-centric to a rights-based approach, and from universal coverage to precision targeting based on contribution rates. It provides not only a valuable baseline record of the early morphology of poverty in moderately prosperous counties but also a historically-informed theoretical reference for policy design in the post-absolute-poverty era.
Keywords: Moderately prosperous counties; Multidimensional poverty; A-F method; Historical baseline; Policy paradigm
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