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立身之困与破局之策:福利孤儿转衔教育中的 能力损耗及犯罪风险阻断机制研究

The Plight of Independence and the Strategy for Breakthrough: A Study on Capability Erosion and Crime Risk Disruption Mechanisms in Transition Education for Institutionalized Orphans


作者:马小琴1,*,任德靖1,何燕2
1北京师范大学 社会学院 北京
2中共宁夏区委党校(宁夏行政学院) 教务处 宁夏 银川
*通信作者:马小琴;单位:北京师范大学 社会学院 北京
, 2025, 1(1), 0-0; https://doi.org/10.58244/jswv.263801
丨 出版日期 : 2025年06月30日
引用本文
摘 要:
长期机构化生活易导致孤儿形成行为依赖、社交封闭与消极自我认知等问题,进而在离院后可能衍生出生存型、团伙型及情绪型犯罪风险。本研究以阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论为分析框架,提出“能力损耗”用以描述孤儿在从福利机构向独立生活转衔过程中面临的多维能力削弱与机会剥夺现象。在此基础上,研究探讨了转衔教育作为一种干预机制,如何通过可行路径阻断犯罪风险,从而推动干预策略从事后补救向源头预防的转型。
关键词:福利机构孤儿;转衔教育;可行能力;能力损耗;犯罪风险阻断
 
Abstract:
Prolonged institutionalization tends to engender behavioral dependency,social withdrawal,and negative self-perception among orphans,which may subsequently precipitate survival-oriented,gang-related,or emotionally driven criminal risks upon their departure from care. This study employs Amartya Sen's Capability Approach as its analytical framework and proposes the concept of "capability erosion" to delineate the multidimensional attenuation of abilities and deprivation of opportunities that orphans experience during the transition from welfare institutions to independent living. On this basis,the study examines how transition education,as an intervention mechanism,can disrupt criminal risks through viable pathways,thereby advancing intervention strategies from ex post facto remediation toward ex ante prevention.
Keywords: Institutionalized orphans; Transition education; Capabilities; Capability erosion; Crime risk disruption
 
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作 者 / Authors:

马小琴,北京师范大学社会学院博士研究生。

任德靖,北京师范大学社会学院博士研究生。

何燕,中共宁夏区委党校(宁夏行政学院)教务处。


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