摘 要：
随着全球湿地生态退化形势的加剧，传统湿地监测手段已难以满足现代生态保护的需求。本研究聚焦于无人机遥感技术在湿地生态环保监测中的应用，通过构建分层模块化的监测系统架构，集成多光谱、高光谱、激光雷达（LiDAR）及热红外传感器等多种技术，实现了对湿地生态的高分辨率、实时性监测。系统不仅克服了传统地面监测和卫星遥感的局限性，还通过深度学习算法和GIS技术，提供了精准的数据支撑和科学的生态评估。实证研究表明，该系统在湿地侵占识别、植被覆盖度变化监测等方面表现出色，为湿地保护和管理提供了有力支持。同时，针对无人机续航能力有限、复杂环境干扰及数据安全等挑战，提出了氢燃料电池技术、惯性导航与视觉SLAM融合定位及区块链加密技术等优化方向。本研究不仅推动了无人机遥感技术在湿地监测中的广泛应用，也为全球湿地生态保护提供了新的思路和方法。
关键词：无人机遥感技术；湿地生态保护；环境检测
Abstract:
With the intensification of the global wetland ecological degradation situation, traditional wetland monitoring methods have become difficult to meet the demands of modern ecological protection. This research focuses on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology in wetland ecological and environmental protection monitoring. By constructing a hierarchical and modular monitoring system architecture and integrating multiple technologies such as multispectral, hyperspectral, LiDAR, and thermal infrared sensors, high-resolution and real-time monitoring of wetland ecology has been achieved. The system not only overcomes the limitations of traditional ground monitoring and satellite remote sensing, but also provides precise data support and scientific ecological assessment through deep learning algorithms and GIS technology. Empirical research shows that this system performs well in identifying wetland encroachment and monitoring changes in vegetation coverage, providing strong support for wetland protection and management. At the same time, in response to the challenges such as limited endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), interference from complex environments, and data security, optimization directions such as hydrogen fuel cell technology, inertial navigation and visual SLAM fusion positioning, and blockchain encryption technology have been proposed. This research not only promotes the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology in wetland monitoring, but also provides new ideas and methods for global wetland ecological protection.
Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology; Wetland ecological protection; Environmental monitoring
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