Quantum computing, as a cutting-edge technology in the field of computer science, is gradually demonstrating its immense potential in tackling complex problems. Based on the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum computing leverages the superposition and entanglement properties of quantum bits (qubits) to achieve parallel information processing, theoretically surpassing the computational capabilities of traditional computers. This paper aims to explore the potential and challenges of quantum computing in computer application domains, analyzing its application prospects in encryption, materials science, optimization problems, and machine learning. It also delves into the challenges faced by quantum computing in terms of stability, error correction techniques, scalability, and algorithm and software development. By comprehensively evaluating the current status and development trends of quantum computing, this paper provides valuable reference and insights for researchers in related fields.
